Ugereranije n'ibirahuri n'ibikoresho by'ibyuma, ibintu nyamukuru biranga plastiki ni:
1, igiciro ni gito, irashobora gukoreshwa nta kwanduza, bikwiriye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi bikoreshwa;
2, gutunganya biroroshye, gukoresha plastike yayo birashobora gutunganywa muburyo butandukanye bwingirakamaro, kandi ibyuma nikirahure biragoye kubikora muburyo bugoye bwibicuruzwa;
3, bikomeye, byoroshye, ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka nkikirahure;
4, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza bwimiti n'umutekano wibinyabuzima.
Izi nyungu zimikorere zituma plastiki ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubuvuzi, cyane cyane harimo polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropilene (PP), polystirene (PS), polyakarubone (PC), ABS, polyurethane, polyamide, elastomers ya termoplastique, polysulfone na polyther ether ketone.Kuvanga birashobora kunoza imikorere ya plastiki, kugirango imikorere myiza yimyanda itandukanye igaragare, nka polyakarubone / ABS, polypropilene / elastomer ivanga ihinduka.
Bitewe no guhura nubuvuzi bwamazi cyangwa guhura numubiri wumuntu, ibisabwa byibanze bya plastiki yubuvuzi ni imiti ihamye hamwe na biosafety.Muri make, ibice bigize ibikoresho bya pulasitike ntibishobora gutwarwa mubuvuzi bwamazi cyangwa mumubiri wumuntu, ntibizatera uburozi no kwangiza ingirangingo ningingo, kandi ntabwo ari uburozi kandi butangiza umubiri wumuntu.Kugirango habeho kubungabunga umutekano wa plastiki yubuvuzi, plastiki yubuvuzi isanzwe igurishwa kumasoko yemejwe kandi ikageragezwa ninzego zubuvuzi, kandi abayikoresha bamenyeshwa neza amanota yo mubuvuzi.
Ubuvuzi bwa plastike muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika butanga ibyemezo bya FDA hamwe na USPVI ibinyabuzima, kandi plastike yo mubuvuzi mubushinwa ikunze gupimwa nikigo cyubuvuzi cya Shandong.Kugeza ubu, mu gihugu haracyari umubare utari muto w’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki by’ubuvuzi mu gihugu nta bwumvikane buke bw’icyemezo cy’ibinyabuzima, ariko hamwe n’amabwiriza agenda atera imbere buhoro buhoro, ibi bihe bizagenda neza kurushaho.
Ukurikije imiterere nimbaraga zisabwa mubikoresho byibikoresho, duhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa plastike nicyiciro cyiza, kandi tugena tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibikoresho.Iyi mitungo ikubiyemo imikorere yo gutunganya, imbaraga za mashini, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha, uburyo bwo guteranya, sterisizione, nibindi.
Indwi zikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi
1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC ni bumwe mu bwoko bwa plastike butanga umusaruro ku isi.PVC resin ni ifu yera cyangwa yoroheje yumuhondo, PVC yera ntabwo ikora, irakomeye kandi yoroheje, ikoreshwa gake.Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye, inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora kongerwamo kugirango ibice bya plastike bya PVC byerekana ibintu bitandukanye byumubiri nubukanishi.Ongeraho urugero rukwiye rwa plasitike kuri PVC resin irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikomeye, byoroshye kandi bisobanutse.
PVC ikomeye ntabwo irimo cyangwa irimo plastike nkeya, ifite uburakari bwiza, kunama, kwikomeretsa no kurwanya ingaruka, irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka byonyine.PVC yoroshye irimo plastike nyinshi, kandi ubworoherane bwayo, kurambura kuruhuka no kurwanya ubukonje biriyongera, ariko ubukana, ubukana nimbaraga zaragabanutse.Ubucucike bwa PVC yera ni 1.4g / cm3, kandi ubucucike bwibice bya pulasitike bya PVC hamwe na plasitike hamwe nuwuzuza muri rusange biri hagati ya 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Ukurikije isoko, hafi 25% byibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byubuvuzi ni PVC.Ibi ahanini biterwa nigiciro gito cya resin, intera nini ya progaramu, hamwe no kuyitunganya byoroshye.Ibicuruzwa bya PVC mubisabwa mubuvuzi ni: imiyoboro ya hemodialyse, masike yo guhumeka, umuyoboro wa ogisijeni nibindi.
2. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Plastike ya polyethylene nubwoko bunini cyane mu nganda za pulasitike, amata, uburyohe, impumuro nziza kandi idafite uburozi bwa glossy ibishashara.Irangwa nigiciro gihenze, imikorere myiza, irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda, ubuhinzi, gupakira no gukora inganda za buri munsi, kandi ifite umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa bya plastiki.
PE ikubiyemo cyane cyane polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE) hamwe na polyethylene yuburemere bukabije (UHDPE) nubundi bwoko.HDPE ifite urunigi ruto rwamashami kumurongo wa polymer, uburemere buringaniye bwa molekile, kristu yubucucike nubucucike, gukomera nimbaraga nyinshi, kutagira imbaraga, gushonga cyane, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubice byo gutera inshinge.LDPE ifite urunigi rwinshi rwamashami, kubwibyo uburemere bwa molekile bugereranije ni buto, kristu yubucucike nubucucike buri hasi, hamwe nubwitonzi bwiza, kurwanya ingaruka no gukorera mu mucyo, bikunze gukoreshwa muguhuha firime, kuri ubu bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwa PVC.Ibikoresho bya HDPE na LDPE nabyo birashobora kuvangwa ukurikije ibisabwa mubikorwa.UHDPE ifite imbaraga zingaruka nyinshi, guterana hasi, kurwanya ihungabana no kuranga ingufu nziza, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza kubibuno byimbaraga, ivi nigitugu.
3. polypropilene (PP, polypropilene)
Polypropilene idafite ibara, impumuro nziza kandi ntabwo ari uburozi.Birasa na polyethylene, ariko birasobanutse kandi byoroshye kuruta polyethylene.PP ni thermoplastique ifite ibintu byiza cyane, hamwe nuburemere buto bwihariye (0.9g / cm3), butari uburozi, bworoshye gutunganya, kurwanya ingaruka, kurwanya deflection nibindi byiza.Ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi, harimo imifuka iboshywe, firime, agasanduku k'ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga, ibikinisho, imashini zitwara imodoka, fibre, imashini imesa n'ibindi.
Ubuvuzi PP bufite umucyo mwinshi, inzitizi nziza hamwe n’imirasire irwanya imirasire, ku buryo ifite porogaramu zitandukanye mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’inganda zipakira.Ibikoresho bitari PVC hamwe na PP nkumubiri nyamukuru kuri ubu bikoreshwa cyane nkibisimbuza ibikoresho bya PVC.
4. Polystirene (PS) na K resin
PS nubwoko bwa gatatu bunini bwa plastike nyuma ya polyvinyl chloride na polyethylene, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nkigice kimwe cyo gutunganya plastike no kuyishyira mubikorwa, ibintu nyamukuru biranga uburemere bworoshye, bubonerana, byoroshye gusiga irangi, imikorere yo gutunganya ibumba nibyiza, bikoreshwa cyane muri plastiki ya buri munsi , ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya optique nibikoresho byumuco nuburezi.Imiterere yacyo irakomeye kandi yoroheje, kandi ifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe, igabanya imikoreshereze yubuhanga.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hahinduwe polystirene na styrene ishingiye kuri copolymers kugirango ikemure amakosa ya polystirene kurwego runaka.K resin ni imwe muri zo.
K resin ikozwe muri styrene na butadiene copolymerisation, ni polymer amorphous, ibonerana, itaryoshye, idafite uburozi, ubucucike bwa 1.01g / cm3 (munsi ya PS, AS), kurwanya ingaruka nyinshi kurenza PS, gukorera mu mucyo (80 ~ 90% .
Ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi harimo ibikombe, LIDS, amacupa, ibikoresho byo kwisiga, kumanika, ibikinisho, ibikoresho bya PVC bisimbuza ibikoresho, gupakira ibiryo nibikoresho byo kwa muganga.
5. ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers
ABS ifite ubukana, ubukana, kurwanya ingaruka no kurwanya imiti, kurwanya imirasire hamwe no kurwanya indwara ya Ethylene.
ABS mubisabwa mubuvuzi ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkibikoresho byo kubaga, clips yingoma, inshinge za pulasitike, agasanduku k'ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma hamwe n'inzu zifasha kumva, cyane cyane amazu manini manini yubuvuzi.
6. Polyakarubone (PC, Polyakarubone)
Ibintu bisanzwe biranga PCS ni ubukana, imbaraga, ubukana, hamwe nubushuhe bwokwirinda ubushyuhe, bigatuma PCS ikundwa nkayunguruzo rwa hemodialyse, ibikoresho byo kubaga, hamwe na tanki ya ogisijeni (iyo ikoreshejwe mugubaga umutima kubaga, iki gikoresho gishobora gukuramo dioxyde de carbone kuri maraso no kongera ogisijeni);
Ubundi buryo bwa PC mubuvuzi burimo sisitemu yo gutera inshinge, ibikoresho bya parufe, ibikombe byamaraso centrifuge, na piston.Kwifashisha umucyo mwinshi, ibirahuri bisanzwe bya myopiya bikozwe muri PC.
7. PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)
Polytetrafluoroethylene resin ni ifu yera, isura y’ibishashara, yoroshye kandi idakomeye, ni plastiki ikomeye.PTFE ifite ibintu byiza cyane bitagereranywa nubushyuhe rusange, bityo bizwi nka "king king".Coefficient ya friction niyo yo hasi cyane muri plastiki, ifite biocompatibilité nziza, kandi irashobora gukorwa mumitsi yamaraso yubukorikori nibindi bikoresho byatewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2023